Comprehensive Legal Guide to Bulletproof Vests in the United States

Bulletproof vests—more accurately called ballistic or body armor—are legal for most U.S. citizens to own and purchase, but not everywhere, and not for everyone. These laws aren’t the same everywhere—each state sets its own rules, building on top of broad federal guidelines. What’s allowed in one state might be banned or restricted in another, depending on local priorities, crime rates, or political climate. This guide provides a clear, authoritative overview of the legality of bulletproof vests in the U.S., covering federal law, notable state restrictions, purchase requirements, use in criminal acts, and answers to frequently asked questions.

Federal Law

• Civilians can own and purchase body armor: Under federal law (18 U.S.C. § 931), it is legal for law-abiding citizens to buy, own, and use bulletproof vests.

• Felony convictions matter: It is illegal for anyone convicted of a violent felony to possess body armor unless they are required to wear it for work and have written permission from their employer.

• No background checks, no registration: There are no federal requirements for background checks, permits, or registration when buying body armor, except for felons as noted above.

• Online sales are generally permitted: Federal law does not restrict online sales or shipments of body armor, except where state law says otherwise.

State-Specific Restrictions

While most states follow federal law, some add their own restrictions. Here are the key exceptions:

Connecticut

• No online sales: Connecticut law prohibits the purchase of body armor except through face-to-face transactions. Internet and mail-order sales to Connecticut addresses are not allowed.

New York

• Severe civilian restrictions: As of July 6, 2022, most civilians are prohibited from purchasing or possessing body armor unless they work in a specifically authorized profession (e.g., law enforcement, certain security roles).

Other States

• Texas: Anyone can buy body armor unless they have a felony conviction.

• New Jersey: Buying and owning is legal, but wearing body armor during the commission of a crime results in harsher penalties.

• Louisiana, Maryland, others: Some states have enhanced penalties for using body armor during a crime or ban convicted felons from ownership.

Always check your local and state laws before purchasing or using body armor, as regulations can change or be more restrictive in certain cities and counties.

Use of Body Armor During a Crime

Wearing body armor while committing a crime is illegal in many jurisdictions and can lead to additional charges and enhanced sentencing. This is true in both federal law and in most states.

Purchasing Body Armor

• In most states:

• You can purchase body armor online, in stores, or at gun shows.

• No special permit or background check is needed for law-abiding adults.

• Exceptions:

• In Connecticut, you must buy in person.

• In New York, you must be employed in an eligible profession, such as law enforcement, peace officer roles, active military, or certain licensed security positions, and provide proof of employment and purpose for the vest at the time of purchase. The law defines eligible professions as those whose duties reasonably require the use of body armor for personal protection. Retailers are required to verify your professional status and may request additional documentation.

Who Cannot Own Body Armor?

• Anyone convicted of a violent felony under federal law (and in most states). In some states, only violent felons are prohibited from buying or possessing body armor. This means that someone convicted of a non-violent felony—such as certain types of white-collar crimes, like embezzlement—may still be eligible to purchase and own body armor. Always review your state's laws to confirm who is prohibited.

• Individuals prohibited by state or local law.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I wear a bulletproof vest in public? Yes, in most states, but wearing body armor in certain government buildings, schools, or while carrying out a crime is often restricted or illegal.

Can I travel with my vest across state lines? Generally, yes, but you must follow the laws of your destination state.

Can minors own body armor? Most states do not specifically address this, but sales are usually limited to adults.

Can businesses ship body armor to my state? Most states allow this, except Connecticut, where face-to-face sales are required, and New York, where most civilians are barred.

Summary Table: Body Armor Legality by State

Sources and References

• 18 U.S.C. § 931 (Federal Law)

• State statutes and official websites

This guide is not legal advice. Laws change frequently. Check your state’s official website or consult an attorney before making a purchase.